It is related to Very Large Scale Intregation. As what i know that there is a fabrication process for making. And the main material required is sand.
The fambrication process is essntially printing - just like lithographic printing of books and magazines. The circuit is builtup in layers, and each layer is printed onto a layer of resist which is then etched to reveal areas for processing.
Processing steps include doping source, drain and gate areas and etching silicon oxide which is grown over the silicon surface between certain processing steps.